E. Methodology in Special Education and Inclusive Education (15 Marks)

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curriculum Design and Development, Curricular and Co-curricular Adaptation, accommodation and modifications, Teaching Functional Academics, Instructional Planning, and Teaching Methods, Techniques and strategies, Classroom management, Assessment and Evaluation, Communication needs and ICT

For children with ID:

• Meaning, Definition, Concept and Principles of Curriculum
• Types and Approaches of Curriculum Designing
• Curriculum at Secondary, Pre -vocational and Vocational level
• Need for Curricular Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for Pre – academic, academic, Curriculum, and Co-Curriculum
• Need for Adaptation, Accommodation and Modification for School Subjects
• Types and Approaches of Teaching Strategies, TLM, Multi-Sensory Approaches and Evaluation
• Intervention for mal-adaptive behaviour

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curricular Adaptation and teaching strategies for children with HI:

• Curriculum – Concept, Types and Models
• Approaches and Steps for Curriculum designing
• Developing Literacy Skills: Reading and writing
• Curricular Adaptation – Meaning and Principles
• Need Assessment and decision making for Adaptation
• Adapting Curriculum – Content, Teaching -learning Material, and Instruction
• Types of Adaptation and Process
• Adaptation and Accommodations in Student’s Evaluation and Examinations
• Curricular Evaluation: Factors, Methods and Tools for Curricular Evaluation
• Strategies for Early Intervention of Hearing Loss
• AVT & Auditory Training
• Speech Intervention Strategies
• Communication and Language Teaching Strategies
• Technology for management – Speech
• Technology Facilitating Education

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curricular Adaptation and teaching strategies for children with VI:

• Curriculum approaches, types of curriculum, Teaching Functional Academics Skill, Teaching of Independent Living Skills
• Curricular adaptation – Need, Importance and Process, Planning of lessons for teaching
• Expanded Core Curriculum, Individualized Education Program writing
• Pedagogical Strategies – Cooperative learning, Peer tutoring, Reflective teaching, Multisensory teaching Approaches and Strategies
• Intervention – Concept, Scope and Importance
• Intervention for lately blinded students
• Role of Special teachers/educators: Mediated teaching -learning, Preparation and use of TLM and adaptive TLM for Visually Impaired
• Expanded Core Curriculum & Concept Formation: Teaching of BrailleBraille and other devices, types and relevance, Sign Language, Sensory Training, Teaching of Orientation and Mobility, Teaching of Daily Living Activities, Social Skills and Assistive Devices and latest trends in Special education
• Adaptation of Physical Education activities

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curricular Adaptation and teaching strategies for Children with SLD:

• Curriculum design – Concept, Definition and Principles
• Types of Curriculum – Core, Collateral, Support, Hidden Curriculum, Hierarchies
• Instructional Planning: Adaptation, Modification, Accommodation
• Assessment & Evaluation: Tools of evaluation – Rubrics grading, marking schemes
• Strategies for developing word recognition skills, Fluency and comprehension
• Strategies for developing handwriting, spelling and written expression
• Strategies for Reading and writing across the curriculum
• Strategies for differentiation and inclusion in the classroom
• Educational interventions for Processing Deficit
• Interventions for Mathematics
• Intervention in Life Skills
• Technology for Classroom Engagement

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curricular Adaptation and Teaching Strategies for Inclusive Education of Children with ASD:

• Adaptation of curriculum for children with ASD
• Orientation to Curriculum Development
• Curricular focus for CwASD
• Types of adaptation needed for children with ASD
• Stages of adaptation; accommodation & modification
• Teaching Methods and Strategies
• Accommodation of co-curricular activities and learning material
• Methods of evaluating children with ASD- Behavioral Approach, Developmental Approach, Cognitive Approach, Social Approach

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Teaching strategies and Curriculum Adaptations for students with Cerebral Palsy (CP):

• Principles of teaching, Teaching method
• Principles of reinforcement, Selection and use of TLM
• Evaluation – Strategies and Approaches e.g., Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement & Regulation (JASPER), Learning Experiences and Alternate Program for Preschoolers and their Parents (LEAP), Early Start Denver Model (ESDM)
• Promote participation/access across classroom and beyond – Physical considerations – space, seating and positioning, storage of students’ devices such as wheelchair/AAC equipment, duration, adapted equipment, manipulative/s and personalized. Strategies related to schedules and duration – based on student’s levels of arousal
• Adapt or Modify lessons teaching learning materials, and evaluations for teaching Literacy, Numeracy and Functional Academics including using multi -media wherever appropriate
• Adapt or Modify performance and proficiency standards in subject learning through accommodations and exemptions, promote social skills, (e.g., Art educational activities, social stories, Comic strips, Peer-Mediated Programmes)
• Strategies and Approaches (e.g., Conductive Education, Motor Learning Practices beyond therapy, Response to Intervention
• Different teaching methodology of subject areas in inclusive schools – teaching in regular schools where children with CP are included, Use of UDL to teach in regular elementary classes

Methods, Approaches, Techniques, Curricular Adaptation and teaching strategies for children with MD:

• Aims, concepts, principles of curriculum development with reference to persons with disabilities
• Types and approaches of curriculum development
• Curricular and Co -curricular Material Adaptation
• Teaching Methods, Approaches and Strategies for Sensory Impairment.
• Classroom Management
• Types of evaluation
• Therapeutic Intervention Strategies
• Universal Design in Learning
• Access to Computer